Glosar

Termen	Definitie
Access line	A circuit able to establish a vocal link between the terminal point of the network and the local exchange
Access rate	The transmission speed between the end user location and the network. This is measured in bits per second (bit/s), kilobits per second (kbit/s), Megabits per second (Mbit/s) and Gigabits per second (Gbit/s). It is also referred to as access speed and bandwidth.
ADSL	Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a member of the DSL family that supports data speeds up to 8Mbit/s downstream and 640kbit/s upstream. ADSL delivers data communications over the same telephone line used for voice. Asymmetric refers to the fact that the downstream rate is higher than the upstream rate. This asymmetry is a good fit for multimedia applications, real time streaming, web and application hosting and e-commerce.
Permanent connection	Current dial-up services require the user to "make a call" to the ISP. The connection is only active during the duration of the call. When a computer is linked continuously to the Internet via a dedicated connection, this connection is "always on" because no dial-up process is needed.
ANSI	The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a voluntary organization that creates standards for the computer industry. For example, ANSI C is a version of the C language that has been approved by the ANSI committee. In addition to programming languages, ANSI sets standards for a wide range of technical areas, from electrical specifications to communications protocols.
ASP	An Application Service Provider (ASP) is a company which provides a location-independent, web-based application, frequently on a pay-per-seat or pay-per-user basis. Demand for and provision of ASP services is forecast to increase hugely and will be a key driver of the next phase of the bandwidth revolution.
ATM	Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a packet-switching protocol that organises data into 53-byte cell units and transmits them over a physical medium using digital signal technology. The small, constant cell size allows ATM equipment to transmit video, audio and data over the same network, and ensures that no single type of data slows down the connection speed. This ability to accommodate voice, video and data transmission makes it an important technology for full-service networks.
Backbone	A backbone is a larger transmission network that carries data gathered from smaller lines that interconnect with it. At a local level it constitutes the wide area connection between local area networks; on the Internet, a backbone is a set of paths that local or regional networks connect to for long-distance interconnection.
Bandwidth	The capacity of a data connection or network to carry data, generally measured in terms of the speed with which the data can be transmitted (see bit/s). Thus, a modem that works at 57,600 bit/s has twice the bandwidth of a modem that works at 28,800 bit/s. See also access rate.
BER	The bit error rate (BER) is the percentage of bits that have errors relative to the total number of bits received in a transmission, usually expressed as ten to a negative power.
Bit/s	bits per second; basic measurement of the speed with which data can be transmitted. Larger units are sometimes used to denote high data speeds. One kilobit per second (kbit/s, kbps) is equal to 1,000 bit/s. One megabit per second (Mbit/s) is equal to 1,000,000 bit/s or 1,000 kbit/s.
Bridge	A device that combines various networks into a single seamless network.
Broadband	Broadband refers to connectivity that provides multiple channels of data over a single communications medium, typically using some form of frequency or wave division multiplexing (see DWDM). Generally a minimum speed of 1.5 Mbit/s.
Browser	A browser is an application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on the World Wide Web.
Cable modem	A cable modem connects a PC to a cable TV line, providing a gateway for uploading and downloading data transmission at asymmetrical speeds. While cable modems offer greater capabilities, bandwidth is shared among all users on a line. This can reduce connection speeds considerably as more users connect.
Carrier	In the telecommunications industry, a carrier is a telephone or other company that sells or rents telecommunication transmission services. e.g. Euroweb Romania.
CBR	Constant Bit Rate, needed for time-sensitive applications such as Voice over IP, audio/video streaming video-on-demand etc.
CDN	A Content Distribution Network (CDN) service places the content that is viewed by the end user as close as possible to them on the network, enhancing the user experience by bypassing internet traffic jams and preserving bandwidth.
Collocation	Collocation (also spelled "co-location" or "collocation") is the generic industry term for provision of a safe managed environment for a customer's own telecommunications equipment.
Consultancy	Refers to additional services offered by an ISP to the customers, like configurations of e-mail servers, web servers, LAN servers, troubleshooting etc.
Customer solution	Refers to the customer's connectivity solution to the ISP's PoP, including local tail, customer premises equipment, bandwidth configuration etc
Customer Location	The location the customer chooses to have an IP data connection (Dedicated Connection, IP VPN, Eurovoice etc).
CNI	Customer Network Interface (CNI) is the interface between the Customer Premises Equipment and the customer's equipment and local network.
CPE	Refers to the service provider equipment (ISP, telco, etc) that is located on the customer's location (physical location) routers, modems, DSL routers, IP Telephony devices are examples.
Data communication network	Communication network designed, deployed and managed for data communication purposes. It includes backbone, interconnection (peerings) with other service providers, customer's access connections. Data communication services is a general term including , ATM, Frame Relay, IP, IP Telephony, X.25 etc.
Dedicated Connection	Dedicated Connection is a service which provides customers a high-speed, always on, single-contract connection to the Internet, with a redundant local tail connection. Dedicated Connection is a service included in the Eurolink service provided by Euroweb.
Denial of service	On the Internet, a denial of service (DoS) attack is an incident in which a user or organization is deprived of the services of a resource they would normally expect to have. Typically, the loss of service is the inability of a particular network service, such as e-mail, to be available or the temporary loss of all network connectivity and services.
Dial-up connection	A suitable solution for the forms that transfer a small volume of data and wish to be in permanent touch with the customers, partners and suppliers or that wish to get informed by accessing Internet resources. For this solution of communication only a telephone line and a modem are needed. Connecting through this service is done through a telephone call to the Euroweb number.
Digital Cross Connect (SDH)	An electronic switch between (SDH) ports in order to route and remote configure connections.
DNS	A Domain Name System (DNS) is designed to link user-friendly text names with specific (less memorable) IP addresses. You use DNS to identify your business on the Internet as www.yourcompany.com. In DNS, each host on your network belongs to your domain. When you use both the host name and the domain name, you're using a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN).
Download	The direction of data flow from the network to the end user.
DSL	Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is equipment which transforms standard telephone lines into high-speed data communications links. See ADSL, HDSL, SDSL, VDSL, and XDSL.
DSL bridge	A DSL bridge is a device that combines one or more networks into a single seamless network.
DSLAM	A Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) is a device used to aggregate data traffic from many DSL subscribers into one high-speed signal.
DWDM	Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is a technology that puts data from different sources together on a fiber optic.
E-1	Data connection digital line with a baudrate of 2Mbit/s, or 32 timeslots. The net data communication speed (bandwidth) used on a E-1 circuit is 1984kbit/s or 30 timeslots, 2 timeslots being retained for data communication signaling.
E-3	Data connection digital line with a bandrate of 34Mbit/s or 17E-1. The net data communication speed (bandwidth) is 32Mbit/s or 16E-1.
EBITDA	Abbreviation for Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization. EBITDA is an approximation for operating cash flow of a company. By not including non-operating cash flow items such as interest and taxes and non-monetary items such as depreciation and amortization, you can clearly see the amount of money a company is bringing in (or spending if negative).
Ethernet	The most widely used technology for installing LAN networks.